Utilitarianism A Philosophical Concept That Was Taught...

Joseph Morrone Dr. Kaspar Ethics 13 March 2016 Utilitarianism is a philosophical concept that was taught by John Stuart Mill in which he explains that every person always act and make decisions that maximize their utility. Mill gave a clear explanation that utilitarian often aim at maximizing utility because it is morally right. All actions that individuals perform in their own initiatives are to make their lives better in the long run. This essay is aimed at explaining the way in which utilitarianism is relevant to the society and comparing it to Kant’s belief and view of moral philosophy as encompassed in achievement of happiness. It is however important to note that when one person’s actions might maximize his or her utility or welfare, it might also infringe on the rights of others and thus utilitarianism should be viewed carefully. Stuart goes ahead to explain that happiness is the main goal of every person who is seeking utility. Happiness is simply the absence of pain or sadness. It is there rig ht to say that all utilitarian persistently seek to maximize their utility and in effect are always happy when they achieve the goal. Pleasure is also directly associated with happiness and often have different forms of rating in terms of quality and quantity. The overall forms of happiness are often achieved when one endeavors to live a life that is morally upright and free from offending others as one seeks to maximize utility. Happiness is therefore multifaceted andShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Reason Or Known As The Enlightenment1189 Words   |  5 Pages Before the Romantic Movement it was the Age of Reason or commonly known as the Enlightenment period. The Enlightenment was a period of scientific rationalization and scientific methods, it was an advanced way of observing the world. This time period rejected the idea’s of the church and celebrated the rational mind. 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This idea is in practice not proven so helpful because where the midpoint is depends on where we put the extremes.[2]  For example if an extreme drinker is someone who drinks six litersRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pages | Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, scientist, engineer, and political economist. In his day his works were important in popularizing the concept of evolution and played an important part in the development of economics, political science, biology, and philosophy. Herbert Spencer was born in Derby on April 27, 1820. 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The Ambitious Marc Antony in Julius Caesar - 996 Words

The Ambitious Marc Antony in Julius Caesar nbsp; The tragic and untimely death of Julius Caesar, a condemned Roman tyrant, triggered William Shakespeares creativity. In his play Julius Caesar Shakespeare writes of the treacherous conspirators, Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius, and their plans to assassinate their Roman leader, Julius Caesar. The story continues to explain how Caesars loyal friend, Marc Antony, helps avenge the brutal murder. After Antony receives soldiers to fight his battle, his character begins to change. Thenbsp; fair and faithful Marc Antony transforms to a darker and more deceitful character. Marc Antony is not suitable to rule Rome because he holds a grand desire of great power, his conceit†¦show more content†¦In Act Three Marcus Brutus changes the peoples opinion of the death of Caesar instantly. He convinces them that the assassination should not be considered evil, but seen as to the only way to survive while remaining free. The citizens of Rome trust and respect Brutus and believe him. Then Marc Antony convinces the people to come to a different conclusion than that portrayed by Brutus and his honorable men. The crowd believes Antony that the conspirators committed this crime through jealousy, greed and the desire to limit Julius Caesars growing authority. At first Marc Antony only plants a minor idea in the publics mind, allowing them to think about and discuss the new information presented to them. This method initiates the contemplation of serious issues for the crowd of citizens who need no more than this to come to their own opinion concerning what took place (III, 2, 62-106). Marc Antony then stirs his audience with emotions every person in Rome can relate to, focusing on guilt and anger. These passions intertwine, for when the crowd begins to feel guilty, they also start to become enraged. Marc Antony creates a dangerous situation with his riled audience and the possession of information that sets them over the edge into being an unforgiving m ob (III, 2, 107-259). Having a serious effect on an audience is important when trying to be understood fully, however revenge is a dangerous topic especially when beingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar 884 Words   |  4 PagesGustav Berner Mrs. Hillard Honors English 10 - F 15 January 2015 Julius Caesar Discussion 1.) Brutus’ trust in others and his love of Rome are his greatest faults. His tragic flaw is the trust he places in others. Brutus is easily swayed to trust Cassius when he plots to kill Caesar. Cassius uses his cunning to trick Brutus into believing Caesar is ambitious and that he is killing Caesar for the good of Rome. Cassius says to Brutus, â€Å"Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus, andRead MoreEssay on Marc Antony’s Funeral Oration1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Mark Antony pleads with his â€Å"Friends, Romans (and) countrymen† to lend him their ears in an effort to exonerate Caesar from false charges laid against him. The three main conspirators in Caesar’s murder, Brutus, Casca and Cassius portrayed Caesar as an ambitious tyrant to the Roman people. After Caesar was unjustly killed by his friends and comrades, the crowd was persuaded to believe that his death was necessary for the good of the republic. However, Antony’sRead More Julius Caesar Essay: Marc Antony’s Power of Persuasion1385 Words   |  6 PagesMarc Antonys Power of Persuasion in Julius Caesar      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, although Marc Antony is allowed to make a speech at Caesars funeral, he must not speak ill of either the conspirators or Caesar.   Antony was infuriated with Caesars assassination, and wants to seek revenge on his killers as well as gain power for himself in Romes government.   He must persuade the crowd that has gathered that Caesars murder was unjust, and turn them against Brutus and CassiusRead MoreMarcus Brutus Vs Mark Antony s Funeral Speech Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesKayla Marie Davis English II / 4th Block October 27, 2015 Marcus Brutus’ vs. Mark Antony’s Funeral Speech At the funeral of Julius Caesar two characters make speeches to the plebeian mob, Brutus and Marc Antony. Shakespeare shows us the personalities of the two orators and gives one an advantage over the other. Marc Antony has an advantage over Brutus because he speaks after Brutus and he has Caesar’s body. He also interrupts Brutus’ speech. He uses a range of rhetorical devices to manipulateRead MoreExamples Of Envy In Julius Caesar838 Words   |  4 Pagesplay Julius Caesar written by legendary playwright, William Shakespeare. Brutus and Cassius, Julius Caesars good friends are envious of the love Casaer is shown by the romans and they are willing to throw aside friendship and loyalty because of envy which propels them into the action of killing Caesar for power and praise. Envy is easy and almost always evident in the hunt for power in Julius Caesar, this is evident in Brutus’s motives for killing Caesar, Cassius motives for killing Caesar and AntonysRead MoreEss ay on The History Behind Shakespeares Julius Caesar740 Words   |  3 Pagesreplaced a monarchy. For this reason Caesar had been murdered; he was thought to have become too powerful. He was pushing for a dictatorship. Some members of the senate had stepped in and prevented his absolute power. This is just one of the reasons why Caesar would not be the best ruler of Rome; he had been too power-hungry. Antony had been just as bad as Caesar. He was his right-hand man and knew what Caesar had been up to at all times. When Caesar had died, he knew the first thing he wouldRead MoreMarcus Antonys Speech Analysis1063 Words   |  5 PagesJason H. Chang Counteracting the Opposition Julius Caesar was probably one of the most prominent figures in Roman history, known for his strong willed nature and commanding presence. In 44 BCE, Caesar was voted in to be Dictator perpetuo (often mistranslated as dictator for life).Worried that Caesar was becoming too powerful, several Roman senators including Brutus (a close friend of Caesar’s) assassinated Caesar while Caesar himself was by tradition, unarmed and defenseless. Following theRead MoreJulius Caesar: Beware the Ides of March1017 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluential senate is easily threatened by one man; Julius Caesar. To the senators Caesar is the catalyst for the downfall of a Republic they had worked so hard to create and protect. The playwright William Shakespeare dives into this world of betrayal and ambition with his play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Using his voice as a writer he takes the audience into Rome and lets them experience each riveting moment of Caesar’s fall. 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Let’s get it on! â€Å"If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.† (3.2/ 19) Brutus tries to tell the people that he executed Caesar for their own

Moving to America Free Essays

MOVING TO AMERICA Do you know moving could be a very traumatic and scary experience for a child? When my mom decided to leave Trinidad and Tobago to pursue her Master degree, I don’t think she realized the impact it would have on me, knowing that you are moving to a whole different country is a big pill to swallow at the age of 14 years old. Me and my mom was having dinner when she broke the news that we were moving to America I remembered that day like it was yesterday I felt like my heart had hit the floor I had mix emotions I was just numb I didn’t know if to be happy, sad or angry. After the news was broken to me everything that I loved flashed before my eyes my friends and my family. We will write a custom essay sample on Moving to America or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was in high school at the time of our planning to move so I knew I would have to make new friends which is very hard for me because am very shy and soft spoken. But I knew in my heart my mom was making the move for us to better herself and to provide a better life for me and my brother. Leaving my country where I grew up and where all my family and friends were really saddened me. Trinidad and Tobago is two islands that makes up one country I lived in Trinidad is the place I call home. It’s a beautiful island in the Caribbean its hot all year round and it only has two seasons the rainy season and the dry season. I absolutely enjoy the weather but at times the heat can be very scorching and unbearable, the beaches are amazing white sands blue waters I remember when my best friend and I would go to the beach on Sundays and spend the whole day. So the day before I left which was a Thursday, which meant I had school. My teacher gave a farewell speech telling the class I was leaving and today would be my last day my Best friend Adanna broke into to tears so did I was an emotional wreck because we have been friends since age 5 we did everything together. So when class was over we walk to the bus hugging each other and cherishing our last moments together and then she told me she have a present for me. When I opened it was a letter that consist 10 pages and a framed picture of me and her at age 8, I was so grateful that she gave that to me I told I would keep it close to my heart. At 14 years we jetted to Colorado the flight took about 8 hours to arrive. I arrived in Colorado my body was in shocked of how cold it was coming from a country that is warm it was snowing heavily. I was so excited because I have always dreamt of wanting to see snow and on the first day of my arrival to America I saw snow I just thought to myself how lucky am I, I just smiled to myself. So a taxi cab came to pick us up at the Denver International Airport my new home was located in Colorado Springs it was an hour and a half away. On our way to Colorado Springs I couldn’t see the landscape or anything because everywhere was covered in snow so I just laid back and enjoyed the ride. When we arrived at our new home I fell in love with our new townhouse home it was new, hardwood floors, a tall ceiling it was just marvelous. My first night in my new home, a new country and a new neighborhood felt pretty weird I felt so out of place like I didn’t belong. I woke up the next morning feeling pretty lonely the house was quiet it was just not what am use to because back home in Trinidad we were living in a house with my grandparents and my other family members like my cousins and aunts so the house was always noisy. My mom came in to my room to tell me to get ready we are going grocery shopping I was a little excited I must say just to be out. So we went to the grocery I was so amaze on how big it was and all the different selections of foods items there was to choose from. After grocery shopping, my mom stopped at her school Colorado Technical University to do some finishing for her registration to start to attend school for the Spring Semester. The following day I had to register for school because it was nearing close for the spring school term to start so we went to the North Middle School to sign me up. I so nervous when I enter the doors of North Middle School I was so overwhelmed and I hadn’t even started school as yet it was just to register me. So January 9th rolled around that was the beginning of school it was the most traumatic and scary experience ever so many thoughts were running through my mind would I make friends, would any of the students laugh at my accent when I speak. The diversity of the students at the school with all different culture backgrounds was a lot to take in but I was eager to learn about them. I went to my first class it was my Algebra class my teacher was Mr. Brice, seeing as it was the first day of school he suggested that we stand up and introduce ourselves to the class. Everyone stood up and introduce there selves and then it was my turn I started sweating bullets I was so nervous so I stand and these was my exact words â€Å"Hi am Ariane and am from Trinidad† one the classmate laughed at me I felt so hurt I wanted to cry right then and there but I had to hold my composer. When the bell rang for the class to be over there was this one girl her name was Desiree came up to me and told me my accent was cool and she liked it. We became great friends from then so my school experience wasn’t as bad as I thought. When I got home from my first day of school, I laid on my bed thought to myself today wasn’t a bad day at all I can get use to this. But then I started to think about back home and I felt so empty and lonely and I missed everything my family and best friend. After spending 7 years in Colorado, my mom completed her degree and got an incredible job opportunity she was ecstatic I was to, then she told me we had to talk every time she said we have to talk I knew there was some bad or disappointing news she was going to tell me so I took a deep breath and asked â€Å"What is it mom? † she replied and said â€Å"We will be moving to New Jersey† I screamed out in excitement my mom was shocked at my reaction and she had a puzzling look on her face. She asked me â€Å"Aren’t you sad you are leaving Colorado† because she knew how sad I was when we left Trinidad I quickly responded â€Å"No†. I was excited to leave Colorado although I did develop a friendship with Desiree, I wanted to be close to family and New Jersey was the place for me because I have lots and cousins and aunts there. Moving to a whole different country has made me into a stronger person and has broadened my horizon to different cultures, atmosphere and opportunities. It also allows me to see and experience life in a new and different way. My mom has taught me that once I put my mind to anything I can do it. Because she went to Colorado without knowing anybody there and we conquered it together. Test: â€Å"Study Guide Algebra† How to cite Moving to America, Essay examples

Capital Gains Tax Foundation of Taxation

Question: Discuss about the Capital Gains Tax for Foundation of Taxation. Answer: 1. The objective of the case study presented is to ascertain Daves capital gains or losses in FY2016 based on the various asset sales that he has indulged in with the intention of having enough corpus for retirement. The discussion of the capital gains tax on various transactions is discussed below. Sale Residence at St. Lucia As per the relevant case details, Dave is liquidating his house so that he could get enough money for retirement and further plans to live in a rented place. Since Dave has been residing in the current residence for 30 years, hence it would be fair to assume that the residence would have been bought in 1986. As a result, for any capital gains made on its sale, capital gains tax would be levied as the acquisition of the asset has taken place post September 20, 1985 (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Besides, using the main residence exemption, it may be possible that no capital gains are levied on the sale of house in line with Division 118 ITAA, 1997. However, for a residence to be treated as main residence, it is imperative that the following two conditions are met (Barkoczy, 2015). It is required that the residence of the taxpayer in the given residence under consideration must be from the purchase time. It is also pivotal that the given residence should be commercially exploited for income of any sought including rent. The given residence satisfies the conditions shown above as Dave has only this residence which is apparent from the fact that he wishes to now move to a rented apartment once it is sold. Additionally, no information is available with regards to house being used for income realisation. Thus, the given residence is the main residence of Dave and thus no capital gains tax would be levied on the house sale (Gilders et. al., 2015). Sale-Painting The acquisition of the painting has been done in the post CGT era i.e. on or after September 20, 1985 and thus CGT would be applicable on any potential capital gains that the painting may lead to. This has been carried out below. Paintings cost at purchase = $ 15,000 Paintings value at selling = $ 125,000 Thus, paintings capital gains = 125000 15000 = $ 110,000 Taking into cognizance the paintings holding period of more than a year, the capital gains made on the asset are classified as long term (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Sale- Luxury Boat The acquisition of the luxury boat has been done in the post CGT era i.e. on or after September 20, 1985 and thus CGT would be applicable on any potential capital gains that the painting may lead to. This has been carried out below. Boats cost at purchase = $ 110,000 Boats value at selling = $ 60,000 Thus, boats capital losses = 110000-60000 = $ 50,000 Taking into cognizance the paintings holding period of more than a year, the capital losses made on the asset are classified as long term (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Sale - Shares The acquisition of the shares has been done in the post CGT era i.e. on or after September 20, 1985 and thus CGT would be applicable on any potential capital gains that the painting may lead to. This has been carried out below. Shares cost at purchase = $ 75,000 Shares price at selling = $ 80,000 There is a need to determine the cost base of the asset with the help of Section 110-25 which advocates that various incidental costs associated with buying and selling of the asset along with the financing costs must be added to the cost base. Due to this, the brokerage charges ($ 750) and the stamp duty ($250) along with the interest cost ($ 5,000) would make contributions to the overall cost base. The interest on the loan taken for asset acquisition would be added to the cost base only if it is otherwise non-deductible. The ATO opinion makes it evident that the interest is not deductible and thus contributes to the cost base of the shares (Barkoczy, 2015). Cumulative cost base of shares as per Section 110-25 = 75000 + 5000 +750+250 = $ 81,000 Sales proceeds on shares = $ 80,000 The capital losses made on the sale of shares Cumulative cost base Sales proceeds = 81000 80000 = $ 1,000 Net capital gains calculation for FY2016 The cumulative capital gains that Dave makes in FY2016 would be the sum total of the gains or losses derived on various transactions in the ongoing year = 110000 50000 -1000 = $ 59,000 However, the question states that Solomon has made a capital loss to the extent of $ 10,000 in the last year as he disposed off certain shares and hence this capital loss would automatically be carried forward and hence adjusted against the gains realised in FY2016 (Gilders et. al., 2015). Hence, capital gains realised after bringing forward accumulated losses and dealing with these in the current year = 59000 10000 = $ 49,000 From the computations above, it is apparent that the net gains are long term and further Solomons individual taxpayer status implies that a rebate could be availed to the tune of 50% of the net capital gains. Thus, taxable capital gains for the year FY2016 = 0.5*49000 = $ 24,500 It is evident from the computation of the above part that Solomon has realised a net capital gains for the FY2016 and thereby tax will be levied at the rate of 30%. Hence, CGT levied on the capital gains = 0.3*24,500 = $ 7,350 However, if instead of capital gains, Solomon now makes capital losses, then the current year losses would be added to the losses from the previous year and the cumulative capital losses are carried ahead to be adjusted in future year. Further, these losses will automatically be carried forward till they are adjusted against the gains (Sadiq et. al., 2015). 2. In accordance with the case information rendered in the question, it is evident that Periwinkle (the employer) has extended some fringe benefits to their employee (Emma) and the implications with regards to tax for these transactions need to be discussed keeping in mind the applicable act Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act 1986 (FBTAA86). Car Related Fringe benefit The fringe benefits regarding car are explained as per Section 8 of the relevant act. It advocates that car fringe benefit would arise when the employer is given a car owned by the employer for personal usage. The resulting tax on the benefit that arises in the form of car fringe benefit would be levied on the employer as per Section 23L ITAA 1936. In the given case, Periwinkle has extended car fringe benefits to Emma, the employee since the car is employer owned and used by Emma for personal usage (Sadiq et. al., 2014). For ascertaining the value of the fringe benefit associated, the key consideration is to ascertain whether the product or service extended has GST levied or not since the gross up factor is driven by this information (McCouat, 2012). Since the car has GST levied on itself, hence the corresponding gross up factor to be carried forward for computation is 2.1463 (ATO, 2016). The FBT liability determination with regards to fringe benefits on car can be computed in the fo llowing manner (Wilmot, 2012). Step 1: Taxable value determination The relevant formula for determination of taxable value of the FBT is given below. The input values required for taxable value determination can be computed in the manner displayed below. The statutory percentage required above can be taken by considering the total distance Emma had used the car for personal usage during the given assessment period. The case study indicates that the relevant distance covered by the car amounts to 10,000 km during the assessment period. Therefore, in accordance with rule prescribed by ATO, the statutory percentage would be 20% as the distance travelled by the car does not exceed 15,000 km (ATO, 2015). Period in days for which the car is with Emma = March 31, 2016 May 1, 2015 = 365-30 = 335 Additionally, adjustment needs to be made with respect to those five days when car was in repair and hence Emma did not possess it. No adjustment would be made for the period of 10 days for which the car was parked at the airport as Emma had the possession but decided against using it. Cumulative days of usage of car by Emma = 335-5 = 330 FBT Taxable Value = $ 32450 20% (330/365) = $ 5,867.7 Step 2:FBT liability FBT liable to be paid by the employer = 5,867.7 2.1463 49% = $ 6,170.95 Fringe benefit on loan Fringe benefit on loan arises when financial assistance is extended to any employee from the employer at rate of interest lower than the RBA benchmark rate. This particular fringe benefit would be taxed at the end of the employer only. In accordance with the TD 2015/8, the RBA benchmark rate prevailing for the year ending on March 31, 2016 is 5.65% pa. As a result, fringe benefit on loan would result since the employer is offering the interest is 4.45% pa. The fringe benefit associated with loan would be equivalent of the interest differential of the total loan amount borrowed at the RBA benchmark rate and that on offer by Periwinkle (Barkoczy, 2015). The value of the fringe benefit derived from loan can be computed as follows. Interest cost of the loan given to Emma at the rate prescribed by RBA = $ 500,000 5.65% = $ 28.250 Interest cost of the loan given to Emma at the rate offered by employer Periwinkle = $ 500,000 4.45% = $ 22,250 Savings achieved on account of lower interest rate that is asked by the employer = $ 28,250 - $ 22,250 = $6,000 The loan fringe benefit to the tune of $ 6,000 is given to Emma that would pave way to FBT liability, Besides, it is known that the loan extended by Periwinkle has been used by Emma for buying holiday day i.e. for realising gains of personal nature. As a result, deduction would be available for the employer to the extent of interest payment which Emma makes on the amount of $ 450,000. This would lead to the lowering of the employers total tax liability (Gilders et. al., 2015). In relation to bathtub, there is fringe benefit that has been extended from the employer to Emma since the bathtub is provided at a lower price as compared to the retail price. The fringe benefit extended is equal to the difference in the two prices (Sadiq et. al., 2015). In the given question, now an alteration has been made as 10% of the financial assistance extended to Emma has been forwarded to her husband, which would be utilised for making investments in shares. However, since the previous 450,000 would again be utilised by Emma for buying a holiday home, hence the interest deduction on this would remain the same. But, there would a decrease in the FBT liability arising on account of the loan taken by Emma which is explained as shown below (Deutsch, et. al.,2015). Interest cost of the 10% loan given to Emma at the rate prescribed by RBA = $ 28,250 10% = $ 2,825 Interest cost of the 10% loan given to Emma at the rate offered by employer Periwinkle = $22,250 10% = $ 2,225 The above would lead to a decline in loan fringe benefit to the extent of 2825-2225 = $ 600 Hence, taxable fringe benefit arising from loan in this case = 6000-600 = $ 5,400 References ATO 2015, How to calculate your FBT, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)/How-to-calculate-your-FBT/ (Accessed on May 25, 2016) Barkoczy,S 2015.Foundation of Taxation Law 2015,7th edn, CCH Publications, North Ryde Deutsch, R, Freizer, M, Fullerton, I, Hanley, P, Snape, T 2015. Australian tax handbook, 8th edn, Thomson Reuters, Pymont Gilders, F, Taylor, J, Walpole, M, Burton, M. Ciro, T 2015. Understanding taxation law 2015, 8th edn, LexisNexis/Butterworths. McCouat, P 2012, Australian GST legislation. 17th edn, CCH Australia Limited, North Ryde Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2015,Principles of Taxation Law 2015,8th edn, Thomson Reuters, Pymont Wilmot, C 2012, FBT Compliance guide, 6th edn, CCH Australia Limited, North Ryde